August 26, 2025ArchitectureOpen Access

The Effects of Setback Geometry and Façade Design on the Thermal and Energy Performance of Multi-Story Residential Buildings in Hot Arid Climates

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Analysis shows energy performance improvements in residential buildings, indicating façade design matters in hot arid climates.

Higher aspect ratios reduce peak physiological equivalent temperature (PET) by up to 5 °C, enhancing thermal comfort.
Glazing type emerged as the most influential factor for energy performance, particularly on upper floors, with a sensitivity index of ≈ 0.99.
Assessment using a coupled simulation framework analyzed 270 scenarios, combining setback geometries and façade designs for energy efficiency.
Combining urban morphology with optimized façade components may lead to significant reductions in cooling energy consumption and improved comfort.

Omar et al. (2025) studied this question.

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