August 25, 2025EnergiesOpen Access

Hydrogen-Blended Natural Gas Leakage and Diffusion Characteristics Simulation and Ventilation Strategy in Utility Tunnels

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Increasing leak sizes significantly expands hydrogen-blended natural gas diffusion range, enhancing safety risks.
As the leak orifice diameter increases from 4 mm to 8 mm, alarm time reduces by 18.5% with a 31.5% increase in diffusion distance.
Current ventilation standards are insufficient; concentrations surpass safety thresholds under specific leak conditions.
Proposed adaptive ventilation strategy aims to improve safety by adjusting rates based on real-time gas concentration data.

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CFD simulation reveals gas diffusion behavior and ventilation inadequacies in utility tunnels, suggesting real-time control.

Xiao et al. (2025) studied this question.

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