Psychosocial Burdens among Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

Purpose:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presents significant physical and psychosocial challenges, especially in developing and conflict-affected areas. This study aimed to assess levels of stress, anxiety, depression, diabetes-related distress, and perceived social support among pregnant women diagnosed with GDM in Mosul, Iraq, and to explore how pregnancy experiences influence psychological outcomes.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 pregnant women with GDM in Mosul. Data were collected using validated instruments: DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales), PAID-5 (Problem Areas in Diabetes), PSSS (Perceived Social Support Scale), and PES-1 (Pregnancy Experience Scale). Sociodemographic and clinical data were also obtained. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression analyses were employed.Results:Findings indicated that 41% of participants reported significant depression and anxiety, with 40% experiencing moderate to severe stress and high diabetes-related distress. While 61% had moderate to high perceived social support, 10% reported low support. Positive pregnancy experiences were associated with reduced psychological symptoms, whereas negative experiences intensified emotional distress. Greater psychological burden was observed among older, obese, less educated, rural-dwelling, and women with unplanned pregnancies.Conclusion:Pregnant women with GDM experience substantial psychosocial burdens influenced by demographic and clinical factors. The findings highlight the importance of integrating psychosocial screening and support into antenatal care, especially in underserved and high-risk populations.