Numerical modeling of the coupled heat transfer and ultrasonic time of flight during monitoring of a laser powder bed fusion process

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Numerical model shows temperature variations and ultrasonic wave behavior in LPBF, indicating potential for improved monitoring strategies.

A coupled model predicts heat transfer and ultrasonic time of flight signals effectively, improving monitoring capabilities.
Thermal model captures temperature field changes influenced by laser energy, conduction, and convection during LPBF.
The approach relies on experimental calibration from data collected using IR cameras and thermocouples on aluminum parts.
Understanding the link between the TOF signal and temperature field is crucial for enhancing LPBF process control.

Palla et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Numerical model shows temperature variations and ultrasonic wave behavior in LPBF, indicating potential for improved monitoring strategies.