Modeling Traffic Flow Mixed with Automated Vehicles Considering Dynamic Safety Distance

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Traffic flow significantly improves as the penetration rate of automated vehicles increases, enhancing lane utilization.
Autonomous vehicles can reduce lane congestion by about 25% when their penetration rate rises from 0.2 to 0.6 in dense traffic.
The mixed traffic flow model combines car-following and lane-changing rules to optimize driving behavior.
Dynamic safety distance is critical for analyzing the impact of varied vehicle types on road conditions.

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Numerical simulation demonstrated improved traffic flow in lanes with higher penetration of automated vehicles, indicating enhanced safety outcomes.

Lin et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Numerical simulation demonstrated improved traffic flow in lanes with higher penetration of automated vehicles, indicating enhanced safety outcomes.