The Development, Application and Prospect of Oil and Gas Production Forecasting Technologys

In the practice of oil and gas field development, the heterogeneity of reservoir physical properties, the dynamic changes of fluid properties, and the diversity of process measures constitute a complex development environment. This complexity makes the analysis of oil and gas production data highly dependent on the professional experience of petroleum scientists and engineers. Traditional analysis methods not only consume a lot of computing resources and time costs, but also are difficult to meet the needs of efficient development of modern oil and gas reservoirs. Therefore, it is urgent to explore more efficient production forecasting methods. In recent years, with the rise of machine learning technologies such as deep neural networks and random forest algorithms, with their significant advantages in high - dimensional data processing, time - series feature capture, and development data feature mining, they have achieved fruitful results in the field of oil and gas production forecasting. This paper systematically combs the evolution context of oil and gas production forecasting technology, elaborates the principles, advantages and disadvantages of mainstream machine learning methods, summarizes the application status of machine learning methods in the field of oil and gas production forecasting, analyzes the potential problems in the application process, and looks forward to the future development trend. The study points out that in the future, we should focus on promoting two technological breakthroughs: first, organically integrating the physical mechanism of the reservoir with the machine learning model to enhance the interpretability of the model and ensure the reliability of the prediction results; second, developing algorithms and transfer learning technologies suitable for small sample scenarios to deeply tap the value of historical production data and provide more accurate and efficient technical support for oil and gas production forecasting.