January 1, 2025IET NetworksOpen Access

An Efficient Cluster‐Based Routing Protocol for Enhanced Data Delivery and Stability in VANETs: Cluster‐Based Ant‐Colony Routing With Adaptive Cluster Head

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CARAC significantly improves data delivery performance in VANETs, achieving better packet delivery than benchmark protocols.
Simulation results highlight lower latency and greater throughput compared to AQRV, MetaLearn, and CPB protocols.
Using a novel hybrid approach, CARAC integrates K-medoids and Ant Colony Optimisation for dynamic clustering and optimal path selection.
Future ITS applications may benefit from CARAC's robust and scalable routing solution for high-mobility environments.

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A hybrid routing protocol enhances packet delivery and route stability in VANETs, indicating promising ITS applications.

Pidy et al. (2025) studied this question.

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