Salvia Officinalis L.: A Review of its Bioactive Compounds, Pharmacological Activities, and Potential Health Benefits

The plant Salvia officinalis, also known as Sage, belongs to the Labiatae/Lamiaceae family. Although it originated in the Middle East and the Mediterranean, it has now spread around the world. S. officinalis has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of conditions, such as rheumatism, ulcers, gout, seizures, inflammation, tremor, dizziness, paralysis, diarrhoea, and hyperglycaemia. This plant has been the focus of extensive research in recent years in an effort to chronicle its traditional use and uncover novel biological effects. Numerous pharmacological actions for S. officinalis have been identified by these investigations. The current study focusses on the most recent data about the pharmacological results that have been regularly reported for S. officinalis. These results include hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, and antidementia properties. Additionally, the chemical components that provide S. officinalis its pharmacological effects as well as the clinical research on this plant are discussed and given.