Extracellular Vesicles in Osteogenesis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Bone Regeneration

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Extracellular vesicles significantly enhance bone regeneration by promoting osteogenesis and vascularization, indicating a new frontier in regenerative medicine.
MicroRNAs and proteins within extracellular vesicles play crucial roles in modulating cellular responses during bone healing, showing promise for therapeutic applications.
The review discusses challenges such as standardization and production scalability that must be addressed for extracellular vesicles to be used clinically.
Current research highlights the innovative potential of extracellular vesicles as orthobiologics, pushing the boundaries of conventional treatments.

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Comprehensive review uncovers mechanisms and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles for bone regeneration, suggesting innovative strategies.

Biswas et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Comprehensive review uncovers mechanisms and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles for bone regeneration, suggesting innovative strategies.