August 15, 2025PolymersOpen Access

Early Biological Response to Poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL—Bioactive Glass Composites Obtained by 3D Printing as Bone Substitutes

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3D printing composites improve tensile strength in bone substitutes, suggesting better biocompatibility with both stem cells and endothelial cells.

Improved tensile strength and hardness noted in composites with copper-doped bioactive glass after 3 and 7 days.
Biocompatibility tests on human microvascular endothelial cells showed enhanced adhesion and proliferation on SBA3_Cu composites.
3D printing was used to produce PCL composites with bioactive glasses, analyzed through SEM and EDX for surface properties.
Further studies are needed to explore the cellular interactions of bioactive glasses in these composites.

Balma et al. (2025) studied this question.

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3D printing composites improve tensile strength in bone substitutes, suggesting better biocompatibility with both stem cells and endothelial cells.