The UN Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants – Some Reflections on the Occasion of the UNTOC’s 25th Anniversary

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The article reveals the complexities of criminalizing migrant smuggling, particularly concerning state obligations and interpretations.
Key issues include the scope of criminal liability related to illegal entry and minor assistance to migrants, raising important questions.
Analytical focus on the implications of the UN protocol demonstrates uncertainties regarding the humanitarian aid context.
The findings suggest a need for clearer definitions to balance law enforcement with humanitarian considerations for migrants.

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Analysis explores criminalization obligations in the UN protocol against smuggling of migrants, highlighting state responsibilities.

Frank Zimmermann (2025) studied this question.

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