Review reveals challenges in stability and formulation of controlled release drug delivery systems, highlighting personalized medicine's role.
Revolutionizing modern therapeutics, controlled-release drug delivery systems (CRDDS) provide sustained release of a drug over extended periods, improve patient compliance in drug treatment, and improve the therapeutic efficacy. In consequence, these systems are meant to overcome the limitations of traditional drug delivery, namely the high frequency of dosing and drug concentration fluctuations. This review will examine the main strategies for CRDDS, such as diffusion-controlled, dissolution-controlled, osmotic, and stimuli-responsive systems as well as the materials, including polymers, lipids and hydrogels used to increase stability, bioavailability and release profiles. However, CRDDS have the promise of great advantages, but come with challenges in formulation, scalability, stability, and regulatory compliance. The advances in personalized medicine and targeted therapies are discussed in terms of emerging trends such as 3D printing, nanotechnology and smart drug delivery systems. Moreover, biodegradable and ecofriendly materials are becoming the focus of attention for their role in drug delivery. It also reviews ongoing research, recent patents and artificial intelligence applications in optimizing CRDDS design and functionality. In general, this article covers the current use of CRDDS, their challenges and future perspectives in drug delivery.
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Jangid et al. (2025) studied this question.