The (In)felicity of Being Índio: Making Indigeneity Intelligible in the Portuguese Amazon in the Eighteenth Century

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Being classified as Índio offered a semblance of freedom, yet legal ambiguities often led to forced labor and reclassification.
Legislation in 1755 aimed to affirm Indigenous freedom but maintained existing colonial power structures.
Analysis of cases from the Junta das Missões reveals how legal norms constrained yet enabled Indigenous agency.
The study provides a new perspective on the negotiations of slavery and freedom among Amazon's Indigenous peoples.

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This article explores the legal category of Índio in colonial Amazon, highlighting its complexities regarding freedom and slavery.

André Luís Bezerra Ferreira (2025) studied this question.

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