Environmental Effects of Pre-pregnancy, Gestational and Infant Nutrition on Childhood Growth: A Comprehensive Review

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This review demonstrates the impact of maternal nutrition and infant feeding on childhood growth, suggesting strategies to reduce obesity risk.

Maternal underweight increases growth restriction risk by 35%, while obesity raises childhood obesity risk by 50%.
Excessive gestational weight gain is linked to macrosomia in 40% of cases, which poses long-term health risks.
Low protein intake during pregnancy heightens the risk of low birth weight by 30%, whereas poor micronutrient intake contributes to stunted growth.
Exclusive breastfeeding for six months decreases obesity risk by 40%, while early introduction of complementary foods ups obesity risk by 35%.

Soliman et al. (2025) studied this question.

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This review demonstrates the impact of maternal nutrition and infant feeding on childhood growth, suggesting strategies to reduce obesity risk.