Clustering of Regencies/Cities in West Java Province Based on Indicators That Affect AIr Quality Using Principal Component Analysis and K-Means Clustering

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Air quality declined significantly with pollution levels rising by 171% in Indonesia over two decades.
Principal component analysis identified key drivers, revealing two groups within West Java based on air quality indicators.
K-means clustering categorized regions into two clusters, differentiating urbanized areas from those with better air quality.
Findings suggest that sustainable urban planning and strict regulations are crucial to combat pollution effects.

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Analysis reveals correlations between air quality and urban factors in West Java, indicating urgent need for environmental regulations.

Suriawan et al. (2025) studied this question.

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