August 18, 2025SustainabilityOpen Access

Regional Concentration of FDI and Sustainable Economic Development

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Geographic imbalances in foreign direct investment significantly threaten sustainable economic development within the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
Investment in the capital city, Erbil, dominates, with 93% of total FDI, undermining growth in surrounding areas.
Employing a negative binomial logit model on firm-level data from 2007 to 2021, factors like infrastructure and market access drove this concentration.
Recommendations include specific investment incentives and strategic infrastructure upgrades to boost development in underinvested regions.

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Implication

Analysis reveals significant geographic imbalances of FDI in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, suggesting targeted investment policies may enhance development outcomes.

Cite This Study

Hamza et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68af33efcf1dd9ea359e96ce https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167449

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Implication

Analysis reveals significant geographic imbalances of FDI in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, suggesting targeted investment policies may enhance development outcomes.

Regional Concentration of FDI and Sustainable Economic Development

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Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Regional Concentration of FDI and Sustainable Economic Development

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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