Development of Page Flip-Based Electronic Teaching Materials for IPAS Learning in Fifth-Grade Elementary School

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Research and development enhances conceptual understanding in 5th-grade IPAS, suggesting effective interactive tools.

Page flip-based teaching materials improved students' understanding by 26% during field trials.
Expert validation rated teaching materials as highly valid with scores above 4.50 on a 5-point scale.
The research employed an R&D method using the ADDIE model over one semester with 28 students.
Implementation challenges include limited digital infrastructure and teachers' unfamiliarity with educational technology.

Andary et al. (2025) studied this question.

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