Methylene Blue Mitigates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via KEAP1/NRF2/GPX-4/Caspase3 Modulation

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Observational analysis found methylene blue reduced cardiotoxicity in rats treated with doxorubicin, suggesting antioxidant roles.

Methylene blue significantly reduced troponin I and noradrenaline levels in doxorubicin-treated rats, indicating cardioprotection.
Serum troponin I increased by 4.5 times in doxorubicin groups, showing severe cardiac injury prior to treatment.
Assessment using oxidative stress markers revealed methylene blue restored balance in the KEAP1/NRF2/GPX-4 pathway.
These results imply that methylene blue could offer a protective strategy against anthracycline-induced heart damage.

Ibrahim et al. (2025) studied this question.

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