Therapeutic Approaches of Unani Medicine in the Management of Sinusitis (Waram-e-Tajaweef Anf): A Review

Sinusitis is a widespread inflammatory condition affecting the paranasal sinuses, commonly caused by infections, allergens, environmental triggers, or structural abnormalities. In modern medicine, it is classified by the duration into acute, subacute, and chronic types. In Unani medicine, although the exact term “sinusitis” is not used, the condition is addressed under Nazla Ḥārr (hot catarrh) and Nazla Bārid (cold catarrh), which is equivalent to acute and chronic sinusitis, respectively. This study aims to correlate these Unani classifications with modern clinical understanding and to assess traditional Unani therapeutic approaches for managing sinusitis. Based on a descriptive review of classical Unani literature and contemporary medical sources, it was found that scholars like Ibn Sīnā, Ghulam Jeelani, and Muḥammad Ṭabarī consider sinusitis to arise from humoral imbalance, typically influenced by environmental and dietary factors. Treatment in Unani practice includes Ilāj bi’l Tadbīr (regimenal therapy), Munḍij-Mushil (concoctive and purgative therapy), and herbal formulations, supported by techniques such as decoctions, nasal drops, steam inhalation, and lifestyle changes aimed at restoring balance and eliminating harmful humours. While modern treatments may provide temporary relief, they often have side effects and do not guarantee a cure. Unani approaches offer a personalised, holistic alternative, and further clinical validation may enhance their role in integrative care.