Advisory opinion AO-32/25 emphasizes accountability for climate change as a human rights crisis, suggesting States must provide remedies.
With AO-32/25, the IACtHR has delivered a historic and bold affirmation that climate change is not only an environmental emergency but also a profound human rights crisis, one that requires both prevention and reparation. By articulating States’ duties to provide remedies, the IACtHR has moved the conversation to one of legal accountability and remediation.
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Trindade et al. (2025) studied this question.
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